Kent Campbell, an instrumental determine within the international battle in opposition to malaria — most notably in Africa, the place he led an revolutionary program offering mattress nets to guard rural villagers from the mosquitoes carrying the illness — died on Feb. 20 in Oro Valley, Ariz., a suburb of Tucson. He was 80.
His loss of life, in a nursing care facility, was attributable to issues of most cancers, his youngsters mentioned.
As chief of the malaria department of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1981 to 1993, and later as an adviser to UNICEF and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Dr. Campbell is credited with serving to to avoid wasting lives on a number of continents.
In Zambia, the place he started engaged on a program with the Gates Foundation in 2005 distributing mattress nets and newer antimalarial medicine, malaria instances had been reduce in half inside three years. The program was later expanded to greater than 40 different nations in Africa.
“His legacy in my country is as one of the people who greatly contributed to the control and prevention of malaria,” Kafula Silumbe, a Zambian public well being specialist who labored carefully with Dr. Campbell, mentioned in an interview. “It was a collective effort, but he definitely was part of that initial push.”
Tall and lanky, with a Southern drawl that exposed his Tennessee upbringing, Dr. Campbell chanced on what would grow to be a four-decade-long profession in public well being.
In 1972, throughout his pediatric residency in Boston, he joined the C.D.C. as a conscientious objector to the Vietnam War. Not lengthy after, he was despatched to Sierra Leone to assist examine an outbreak of Lassa fever, a virulent hemorrhagic virus.
“I had never heard of Lassa fever,” he mentioned in a video historical past of the C.D.C. “Probably couldn’t even spell it if I’d been asked to.”
He had little to no coaching within the significance or use of non-public protecting tools. For reduction from the extreme warmth, he poked holes in his respiratory equipment, which he later admitted was a nasty concept.
Hoping to be taught extra about Lassa fever, company officers dispatched him to Ireland to conduct serologic, or antibody-detecting, checks on nuns who had beforehand labored in Sierra Leone. He traveled there along with his spouse, Elizabeth (Knight) Campbell, whom he had married in 1966.
A number of days later, he almost collapsed from an intense headache, excessive fever and an excruciating sore throat.
Dr. Campbell and his spouse then traveled to London so he could possibly be handled at a hospital with experience in tropical ailments. The episode then took a surreal flip: When U.S. officers despatched a navy transport airplane to retrieve the couple, they included a spare Apollo area capsule, which they rode in as a precautionary measure.
“In retrospect, it’s not clear whether I had Lassa fever,” Dr. Campbell later mentioned. “But clearly I didn’t die.”
With a reprieve on life and a newfound appreciation for illness searching, he stayed on with the C.D.C. He moved to El Salvador in 1973 to tackle malaria, which had been primarily orphaned by international public well being companies and assist teams.
“He was indignant about the injustice and unfairness of things,” Laurie Garrett, who wrote about Dr. Campbell in her ebook “The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance” (1994), mentioned in an interview. “It just didn’t seem right to him that a scourge like malaria that was killing millions of people every single year wasn’t getting investment and concern and global attention because most of the people dying of it were poor.”
Carlos Clinton Campbell III was born on Jan. 9, 1944, in Knoxville, Tenn. His father was a life insurance coverage salesman, and his mom, Betty Ann (Murphy) Campbell, managed the family. His dad and mom needed to name him Clint, however his youthful sister, Ann, had hassle saying the title, and he wound up as Kent.
He took an early curiosity in drugs after his sister and mom each died from most cancers — Ann when she was 5, their mom when he was in highschool.
He studied biology at Haverford College in Pennsylvania, graduating in 1966. He earned his medical diploma from Duke University in 1970 and obtained a grasp’s in public well being at Harvard University after finishing his pediatric residency there.
Dr. Campbell bounced around the globe, from the corridors of public well being to remoted villages, and again.
“He had a deceptive demeanor because of his Southern, laconic exterior,” Ms. Garrett mentioned. “Almost every time you’d go into his office, these gigantic, long legs would go up on the desk and he’d lean back in his chair. And because he’s so tall, he would automatically fill up, you know, 12 feet of space.”
This made him appear easygoing.
“But then, when he got going, you could feel everything boiling up to the surface,” she added. “He was incredibly impatient, and I think that drove him to ask big questions and to take bold steps to try and help things.”
Following his work on the C.D.C., Dr. Campbell helped create a school of public well being on the University of Arizona and consulted for a number of international well being organizations. In 2005, he joined PATH, a well being fairness nonprofit primarily based in Seattle, as director of the malaria program in Africa funded by the Gates Foundation.
With malaria turning into immune to the commonest drug therapies, he centered on prevention.
“The vector in Africa is basically a single species that is distributed all over the continent called Anopheles gambiae,” he mentioned in an interview with AllAfrica, a Pan-African information group. “It is like the superstar of transmitters.”
Two years after the bed-net program started in Zambia, the nation noticed a 29 p.c lower in little one mortality, in accordance with PATH.
“To put that in perspective: There’s nothing matching that, which is reflective of how much death malaria caused in Zambia and how powerful bed nets are to decrease transmission,” Dr. Campbell instructed AllAfrica. “That’s all it really took. It was just remarkable. Clinics emptied out during the transmission season.”
Dr. Campbell is survived by his spouse; his youngsters, Dr. Kristine Campbell and Dr. Patrick Campbell; his brothers, Robert and John Campbell; his stepsisters, Melissa Hansen and Rebecca Arrants; and 4 grandchildren.
Dr. Campbell retired from PATH in 2015.
“I hadn’t set out to battle this infection and disease,” he wrote of his skilled profession. “In reality, it chose me.”
He added, “We chose not to listen to the naysayers.”
